Rau cov chaw ua haujlwm uas siv cov pa oxygen txhua hnub, tus nqi sib txawv ntawm lub tog raj kheej xa thiab cov pa oxygen nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm ntau dua li cov nqi roj. Lub tog raj kheej-raws li lub cev txav cov pa oxygen, compression, cia, thiab kev thauj mus los sab nraum lub Hoobkas, thaum lub chaw PSA txav feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm no mus rau hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom. Tus nqi tsim nyog tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev yuav khoom-thiab-tus qauv rau kev siv hluav taws xob, compressor, tu thiab cov khoom siv-siv qauv.
Lub tog raj kheej Oxygen: Yuav ua li cas Cov Khoom Siv Pauv Ua Haujlwm
Kev lag luam lub tog raj kheej oxygen ib txwm ncav cuag tus neeg siv los ntawm kev tsim khoom, compression, filling, tsheb thauj mus los, cia, thiab txo qis. Oxygen yog tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab roj cog thiab compressed rau hauv steel los yog txhuas cylinders. Raws li kev tsim lub tog raj kheej thiab cov kev cai hauv zos, cov thooj voos kheej kheej tuaj yeem sau rau kwv yees li 150-200 bar ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb.
Nyob rau ntawm lub Hoobkas, cov thooj voos kheej kheej txuas nrog ib tus zuj zus lossis los ntawm ib qho manifo manifold pawg ntau lub tog raj kheej rau hauv cov tsev txhab nyiaj kom cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem hloov ntawm lub txhab nyiaj khoob mus rau lub txhab nyiaj tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tam sim ntawd. Cov neeg tswj xyuas lub siab tom qab ntawd txo lub tog raj kheej siab rau kev ua haujlwm siab uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej txiav, tshuab aeration, lossis lwm yam khoom siv oxygen.
Qhov ntau ntawm cov pa siv tau tsis yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lub tog raj kheej nominal siab xwb. Lub tog raj kheej dej ntim, ntim siab, roj kub, thiab qhov seem siab ntawm lub tog raj kheej hloov tag nrho cuam tshuam rau kev siv tiag tiag. Yog hais tias lub tog raj kheej raug pauv thaum muaj cov roj tseem ceeb nyob hauv, lub Hoobkas tau them cov roj uas tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
On-Site PSA Oxygen Production: System Structure
Ib qho ntawm qhov chawPSA oxygen systemgenerates oxygen los ntawm compressed atmospheric cua. Ib qho kev teeb tsa muaj xws li cua compressor, cua receiver, particulate and coalescing filters, adsorption vessels, switching valves, oxygen receiver, oxygen analyzer, PLC control system, pressure regulator, and oxygen distribution piping.
Cov hlab ntsha adsorption muaj cov khoom siv molecular sieve, feem ntau zeolite. Cov khoom sib cuam tshuam sib txawv nrog nitrogen thiab oxygen nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej siab. Thaum lub sij hawm adsorption theem, compressed cua nkag mus rau hauv ib lub nkoj, nitrogen yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia los ntawm molecular sieve, thiab cov pa oxygen-enriched gas kwj tawm mus rau oxygen txais.
Lub kaw lus ib txwm siv ob lossis ntau lub nkoj adsorption. Thaum ib lub nkoj tsim cov pa oxygen, lwm lub nkoj muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab rov tsim dua tshiab. Hloov cov li qub tswj cov pa roj raws li lub voj voog programmed. Qhov kev npaj no tso cai rau ib lub nkoj kom adsorb nitrogen thaum lwm qhov tso tawm cov nitrogen uas tau khaws cia yav dhau los.
Cov pa oxygen receiver cais ntau lawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem instantaneous xav tau. Nws tuaj yeem nqus tau qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub sijhawm luv luv thiab ua kom lub zog qis qis dua qhov xav tau cov txaj adsorption ua raws txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev siv oxygen.
CovPSALub voj voog muaj feem ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, adsorption, depressurization, thiab rov tsim dua tshiab. Compressed huab cua ua ntej dhau los ntawm kev kho cua, qhov twg dej, roj aerosols, thiab cov teeb meem feem ntau raug tshem tawm ua ntej huab cua mus txog ntawm molecular sieve.
Thaum lub sij hawm adsorption, lub nkoj khiav hauj lwm tseem pressurized thaum nitrogen yog preferially adsorbed. Oxygen thiab argon hla lub txaj thiab tsim cov khoom siv roj. Raws li lub peev xwm adsorption nce mus txog nws qhov kev txwv kev ua haujlwm, kev tswj hwm hloov pauv cov pa roj thiab xa lub nkoj mus rau hauv kev tsim dua tshiab.
Thaum lub sij hawm rov tsim dua, lub nkoj siab txo qis thiab cov adsorbed nitrogen tawm ntawm molecular sieve. Qee qhov kev teeb tsa PSA siv ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv oxygen rau kev tshem tawm lossis kev sib npaug, thaum lwm qhov kev teeb tsa siv lub siab sib npaug ntawm cov hlab ntsha los txo cov roj poob. Lub voj voog caij nyoog nyob ntawm lub nkoj loj, cov yam ntxwv ntawm molecular sieve, lub hom phiaj purity, rov qab, thiab xav tau oxygen txaus.
Rau kev yuav khoom, cov pa purity yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ua ke nrog oxygen rov qab thiab siv zog tshwj xeeb. Txhim kho cov pa purity uas yuav tsum tau muaj peev xwm ua kom cov huab cua compressed nce ntxiv rau ib chav tsev ntawm cov khoom siv oxygen, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj zog compressor.
Tus nqi qauv: Lub tog raj kheej filling vs. PSA Ntau lawm
Lub tog raj kheej oxygen tsim ntau cov nqi rov ua dua. Lub Hoobkas tuaj yeem them rau cov pa oxygen nws tus kheej, lub tog raj kheej xauj lossis cov nqi pabcuam, kev thauj mus los, kev thauj khoom thiab kev thauj mus los, kev cia, thiab tus neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm rau lub tog raj kheej hloov. Cov nqi no nce nrog kev xa khoom ntau zaus thiab kev siv oxygen.
PSA ntau lawm hloov cov nuj nqis rov qab mus rau hluav taws xob thiab kho khoom siv. Lub compressor feem ntau sawv cev rau ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob vim tias huab cua hauv huab cua yuav tsum tau compressed ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha adsorption. Lim, li qub, oxygen analyzers, ntsaws ruaj ruaj, thiab cov khoom siv molecular sieve kuj tseem ua rau tus nqi ntawm lub neej.
| Cov khoom siv kos duab | Lub tog raj kheej muab khoom | PSA ntawm qhov chaw |
|---|---|---|
| Oxygen muas | Recurring gas nqi | Tsis xav tau rau kev tsim khoom ib txwm muaj |
| Kev thauj mus los | Yuav tsum tau | Nquag muab tshem tawm |
| Lub tog raj kheej tuav | Yuav tsum tau | Tshem tawm |
| Compressor hluav taws xob | Supplier-sab | Factory-sab |
| Cov cuab yeej siv peev | Tsawg ntawm lub Hoobkas | Yuav tsum tau |
| Kev kho cua | Supplier-sab | Yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm qhov chaw |
| Cia | Cylinder khoom | Oxygen txais |
| Kev tu | Regulators, li qub, manifold | Compressor, li qub, lim, analyzer |
| Backup khoom | Cov thooj voos kheej kheej ntxiv | Lub tog raj kheej lossis lwm qhov chaw thaub qab |
Kev sib piv yuav tsum siv tib yam oxygen kom muaj nuj nqis, purity, siab, thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Muab piv rau lub tog raj kheej hais hauv $ / lub tog raj kheej nrog PSA hluav taws xob hauv $ / kWh yam tsis hloov ob lub tshuab rau tus nqi ib Nm³ ntawm cov pa siv tau tuaj yeem ua qhov tsis raug.
Vim li cas Oxygen Consumption Rate hloov cov nqi sib npaug
Kev noj cov pa oxygen yog ib qho ntawm qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv kev sib piv kev lag luam. Lub Hoobkas siv 10 Nm³ / h rau kev ua haujlwm luv luv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm qhov chaw siv 100 Nm³ / h txuas ntxiv rau 24 teev.
Rau cov khoom siv lub tog raj kheej, kev siv ntau dua ncaj qha nce tus naj npawb ntawm lub tog raj kheej uas yuav tsum tau xa, khaws cia, txuas, thiab hloov pauv. Yog tias kev noj txhua hnub nce siab tshaj qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov manifold uas twb muaj lawm, cov tsev txhab nyiaj lub tog raj kheej ntxiv lossis cov khoom xa tuaj ntau zaus yuav tsum tau.
Rau PSA ntau lawm, kev thauj khoom tas mus li ntau dua tuaj yeem nce kev siv cov cuab yeej siv thiab faib cov peev txheej ruaj khov thoob plaws lub ntim loj ntawm cov pa. Txawm li cas los xij, lub compressor thiab adsorption cov hlab ntsha yuav tsum yog qhov loj me rau qhov xav tau, thiab kev ua haujlwm ze tshaj qhov muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem hloov pauv kev siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb thiab rov qab oxygen.
Yog li kev sib piv cov tswv yim yuav tsum xam cov pa oxygen noj raws li:
Kev thov pa txhua xyoo=Oxygen Flow × Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm × Hnub Ua Haujlwm
Qhov txiaj ntsig txhua xyoo Nm³ daim duab muab ib qho kev sib piv rau kev sib piv cov pa oxygen xa nrog rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom.
Hluav taws xob thiab Compressed-Air Consumption
Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nyob, kev siv hluav taws xob muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm compressor siab, inlet-air temperature, compressor efficiency, cua-kho siab poob, adsorption-cycle configuration, thiab oxygen rov qab.
Piv txwv li, yog tias lub kaw lus siv 0.8 kWh / Nm³ ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab cov hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob raug nqi $ 0.10 / kWh, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog kwv yees li $ 0.08 / Nm³. Daim duab no tsis suav nrog kev saib xyuas compressor, lim dej, hloov lub valve, ntsuas oxygen, lossis kev rov qab peev nyiaj.
Compressed-air zoo kuj cuam tshuam cov nqi khiav lag luam. Cov dej nkag mus rau hauv lub txaj adsorption tuaj yeem hloov pauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm molecular sieve, thaum cov roj paug tuaj yeem ua rau cov adsorbent nto. Cov lim cua yog li ntawd ua ntau dua li tiv thaiv cov khoom hauv qab; lawv kuj tswj tau qhov mob ntawm cov khoom siv adsorption.
Cov kws tsim khoom tsim khoom yuav tsum thov tus neeg muag khoom siv lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pa oxygen txaus thiab purity es tsis yog siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob compressor qhov ntsuas kW raws li tus nqi tsim cov pa.
Siab, Purity, thiab Flow Requirements
Oxygen purity thiab kev xa khoom siab yuav tsum tau teev ua ke vim tias lawv cuam tshuam rau kev tsim qauv. Cov txheej txheem xav tau kwv yees li 90-93% oxygen tuaj yeem siv qhov sib txawv PSA teeb tsa los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas xav tau oxygen siab dua 95%.
Lub tog raj kheej oxygen muab ntau cov roj khaws cia ntawm qhov siab, thaum lub tshuab PSA feem ntau tsim cov pa oxygen ntawm qhov qis qis tsim nyog rau kev siv ncaj qha los yog kev txhawb nqa qis qis. Yog hais tias tus txheej txheem yuav tsum tau muaj zog ntau dua, ib qho ntxiv oxygen compressor yuav xav tau.
Flow stability yog lwm qhov kev xav. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis lub tshuab txiav yuav muaj kev hloov pauv sai hauv kev xav tau oxygen, thaum cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov ntws zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov pa oxygen receiver tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev xav tau luv luv, tab sis nws qhov ntim yuav tsum tau sib phim rau qhov sib txawv ntawm PSA cov zis thiab cov txheej txheem noj.
Oxygen Demand thiab Load Fluctuation
Tsis yog txhua lub Hoobkas siv cov pa oxygen ntawm tus nqi tas li. Cov kab ntau lawm tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov xav tau oxygen siab thaum txiav lossis combustion thiab poob rau qhov kev thov qis dua thaum thauj khoom, tu, lossis hloov pauv.
Nrog lub tog raj kheej, lub peev xwm muab tau txiav txim siab los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov thooj voos kheej kheej txuas thiab lawv cov siab ntxiv. Thaum noj nce ntxiv tsis xav txog, tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav xav tau txuas rau lwm lub txhab nyiaj lub tog raj kheej.
Nrog PSA ntau lawm, chav adsorption feem ntau ua haujlwm raws li lub voj voog programmed thaum lub tshuab txais oxygen absorbs qhov sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv. Yog tias qhov kev thov tseem nyob siab tshaj qhov ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm rau lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv, qhov kev txais siab yuav thaum kawg poob. Yog li ntawd, lub kaw lus xav tau lub peev xwm siab tshaj plaws uas tau hais tseg es tsis yog qhov ntsuas nruab nrab-ntws xwb.
Rau kev yuav khoom, cov nuj nqis tseem ceeb tsis yog qhov nruab nrab Nm³ / h nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, cov dej ntws ib txwm muaj, qhov siab tshaj plaws, lub sijhawm ncov, thiab cov ntaub ntawv thauj khoom txhua hnub.
Kev khaws cia thiab muab khoom txuas ntxiv
Lub tog raj kheej tshuab khaws cov pa oxygen ncaj qha rau hauv cov hlab ntsha siab. Lub Hoobkas tuaj yeem tuav tau ob peb hnub ntawm kev muab khoom yog tias cov thooj voos kheej kheej txaus khaws cia rau ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis qhov no ua rau kom qhov chaw khaws cia thiab tuav haujlwm ntau ntxiv. Lub tog raj kheej cov khoom lag luam tseem yuav tsum tau tig raws li cov txheej txheem xa khoom thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm lub nkoj.
IbPSA ntawm qhov chawsystem feem ntau khaws cov pa oxygen rau hauv lub receiver es tsis yog tuav cov khoom loj ntawm cov thooj voos kheej kheej. Lub receiver muab cov roj tsis nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub voj voog adsorption thiab cov txheej txheem kab.
Rau kev tsim khoom tas mus li, ib qho khoom siv oxygen backup tseem ceeb heev. Yog tias PSA compressor nres vim yog hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm, overheating, txij nkawm, lossis kev tswj tsis raug, cov pa oxygen khaws cia tsuas yog txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem rau lub sijhawm txwv. Lub tog raj kheej thaub qab manifold tuaj yeem txuas nrog qis qis kom cov khoom tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv thaum cov khoom siv PSA raug tshuaj xyuas.
Installation thiab System Integration
Hloov lub tog raj kheej nrog PSA ntau lawm yuav tsum tau hloov pauv rau lub Hoobkas cov roj av infrastructure. Lub installation yuav tsum muab qhov chaw rau lub compressor, cua receiver, filtration assembly, adsorption hlab ntsha, oxygen receiver, tswj txee, thiab txuam piping.
Compressed cua yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem pom ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha adsorption. Condensate yuav tsum tau ntws los ntawm lub tshuab txais cua thiab cov lim dej kom tiv thaiv cov dej ua kua los ntawm kev ncav cuag lub molecular sieve. Oxygen piping ces txuas lub receiver mus rau lub siab tswj thiab txheej txheem tis system.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav tsum muab cov compressor thiab tswj cov cuab yeej raws li cov chaw tsim khoom qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no. Kev ua pa kuj tseem yuav raug txiav txim siab vim tias cov compressors tsim cov cua sov thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tas li, thaum PSA tso pa tawm cov pa nitrogen-nplua nuj thaum rov tsim dua tshiab.
Ua ntej commissioning, engineers ib txwm txheeb xyuas cov kav dej huv, siab ncaj ncees, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub valve, oxygen purity, qhov hluav taws xob siab, muaj peev xwm txaus, thiab lub tswb ua haujlwm. Lub tshuab ntsuas pa oxygen yuav tsum paub meej tias cov roj tsim tau raws li qhov teev tseg purity ua ntej cov txheej txheem khoom tau txais cov pa.
Kev tu thiab kev ua tsis tiav hom
Lub tog raj kheej tshuab feem ntau xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas lub tog raj kheej li qub, cov tswj hwm, cov hoses hloov tau yooj yim, kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, thiab cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Cov dej ntws tawm ntawm lub valve lossis kev sib txuas tuaj yeem tso tawm cov pa oxygen tsis tu ncua thiab nce kev noj tsis tas yuav nce cov khoom tsim tawm.
PSA systems muaj ntau yam kev siv tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam txog kev ua tsis tiav. Compressor overheating tuaj yeem txo cov cua xa tuaj, cov lim lim tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev poob siab, hloov-valve hnav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov adsorption ib ntus, thiab molecular sieve paug tuaj yeem txo cov peev txheej nitrogen adsorption.
Kev txo qis hauv cov pa purity tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj teeb meem nrog lub voj voog adsorption, pub-cua txias, lub sijhawm valve, molecular sieve mob, lossis cov khoom xav tau ntau dhau. Lub siab poob thoob plaws cov ntxaij lim dej tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj paug, thaum qhov kub ntawm compressor tso tawm tsis zoo tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj cua txias lossis cov teeb meem kho tshuab.
Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas compressor, hloov lim, tshem tawm cov condensate, kev saib xyuas lub voj voog lub voj voog, oxygen analyzer calibration, ntsuas qhov poob siab, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov adsorption system raws li cov sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab cov chaw tsim khoom.
